Medición de emisiones contaminantes de vehículos con motor a gasolina, empleando prueba estática

Articulo de Investigación.The pollutant emissions of vehicles with gasoline engine are analyzed, carrying out a verification of polluting emissions with static test, which allows knowing the chemical composition of five combustion gases coming from the exhaust of cars: CO, CO, NOx and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) as well as excess oxygen (O2). Random tests of emissions of polluting gases of private vehicles will be carried out, taking as sample the vehicles that move to the facilities of the UAEM Nezahualcóyotl University Center. The results will be analyzed based on the criteria established in the pollutant emission standards established for the circulation of light automotive vehicles (NOM-041-SEMARNAT-2015, NOM 042-SEMARNAT-2003 and NOM-EM-167- SEMARNAT-2016 ). As a result of the investigation, the polluting emissions from car exhaust were measured, the relationship between the type of pollutant found, the possible causes or failures in the emission control systems of gasoline vehicles was established. The preventive maintenance strategieSecretaria de Investigación de la Universidad Autonoma del Estado de México, Proyectos UAEM con financiamiento

La satisfacción del servicio en el transporte público exclusivo para mujeres

Como parte del desarrollo del sistema de transporte público, este ha presentado problemas de sobrecupo, lo cual se ha traducido en impactos negativos particularmente sobre las mujeres, en especial en lo relativo a los niveles de seguridad, en relación con lo que aquellas han reportado diferentes agresiones. Entre las medidas para reducir lo anterior se implementaron los servicios de transporte exclusivos para mujeres (TEPM) –etiquetados como “transporte rosa”–. En este documento se muestran los resultados de cuantificar la satisfacción de las usuarias del TEPM para el caso del Sistema de Transporte Colectivo (metro) de la ciudad de México. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se diseñó y aplicó una encuesta de satisfacción, a partir de la cual se obtuvo información acerca de los niveles de satisfacción de tres factores del TEPM: cobertura, disponibilidad de asientos, y agresiones sufridas. Los resultados muestran que las características del TEPM no están alineadas con las necesidades de las usuarias, y esto lleva a redefinir los objetivos del transporte exclusivo. Palabras clave: satisfacción del servicio, transporte exclusivo para mujere

Study of the modification of the reheating pressure of a steam thermal plant of 350 MW, to improve the thermal efficiency of the cycle in real conditions

Estudio de la modificación de la presión de recalentamiento de una central termoeléctrica de vapor que opera bajo el ciclo Rankine con Recalentamiento y Regeneracióncentral térmica de vapor Villa de Reyes, se desarrolla un modelo de simulación del ciclo térmico de vapor, que incluye el análisis térmico de la cámara de combustión, la transferencia de calor en el generador de vapor, y el balance de masa y energía del ciclo Rankine con recalentamiento y regeneración, se validan los resultados contra los datos de operación establecidos por el fabricante y se realiza un análisis de sensibilidad del efecto que tienen la presión del recalentamiento de vapor, empleado la técnica del análisis energético y exergético, sobre la operación del ciclo. Se encontró que al modificar la presión del vapor de recalentamiento y establecerla al 19% respecto a la presión de vapor principal, se logra un incremento de 2.37 MW de trabajo útil adicional respecto al régimen de operación de carga 100%. Se determinó que las máximas eficiencias energéticas y exergéticas del ciclo se logran a regímenes altos de carga de la central térmica y estableciendo la presión de vapor recalentado en un rango del 5%- 20% respecto a la presión de vapor principal

Análisis energético y exergético de una central termoeléctrica de 350 MW usando Visual Basic para aplicaciones

Articulo en ExtensoSe presenta el análisis energético y exergético de la central termoeléctrica de vapor de 350 MW, que opera bajo un ciclo Rankine con recalentamiento y regeneración, y combustóleo como combustible. El análisis se realiza a diferentes regímenes de carga (100%, 98.4%, 80%, 75%, 66.6%, 50%, 30% y 25%) para ello, se desarrolló un modelo de simulación del comportamiento del ciclo térmico de vapor, la cámara de combustión y transferencia de calor en el generador de vapor, empleando Microsoft Excel 2010, con Visual Basic para aplicaciones como lenguaje de programación de diversas funciones, para determinar las propiedades termodinámicas de los fluidos de trabajo en el ciclo térmico de vapor, rutinas; para calcular la transferencia de calor en las superficies de intercambio de calor, y formularios de usuarios orientados a objetos, para realizar el cálculo térmico del hogar y el análisis del ciclo térmico de vapor, y el análisis exergético

A multiplatform experiment to unravel meso- and submesoscale processes in an intense front (AlborEx).

© The Authors, 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Pascual, A., Ruiz, S., Olita, A., Troupin, C., Claret, M., Casas, B., Mourre, B., Poulain, P. M., Tovar-Sanchez, A., Capet, A., Mason, E., Allen, J. T., Mahadevan, A., & Tintore, J. A multiplatform experiment to unravel meso- and submesoscale processes in an intense front (AlborEx). Frontiers in Marine Science, 4(39), (2017), doi:10.3389/fmars.2017.00039.The challenges associated with meso- and submesoscale variability (between 1 and 100 km) require high-resolution observations and integrated approaches. Here we describe a major oceanographic experiment designed to capture the intense but transient vertical motions in an area characterized by strong fronts. Finescale processes were studied in the eastern Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean) about 400 km east of the Strait of Gibraltar, a relatively sparsely sampled area. In-situ systems were coordinated with satellite data and numerical simulations to provide a full description of the physical and biogeochemical variability. Hydrographic data confirmed the presence of an intense salinity front formed by the confluence of Atlantic Waters, entering from Gibraltar, with the local Mediterranean waters. The drifters coherently followed the northeastern limb of an anticyclonic gyre. Near real time data from acoustic current meter data profiler showed consistent patterns with currents of up to 1 m/s in the southern part of the sampled domain. High-resolution glider data revealed submesoscale structures with tongues of chlorophyll-a and oxygen associated with the frontal zone. Numerical results show large vertical excursions of tracers that could explain the subducted tongues and filaments captured by ocean gliders. A unique aspect of AlborEx is the combination of high-resolution synoptic measurements of vessel-based measurements, autonomous sampling, remote sensing and modeling, enabling the evaluation of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the observed distributions and biogeochemical patchiness. The main findings point to the importance of fine-scale processes enhancing the vertical exchanges between the upper ocean and the ocean interior.The AlborEx experiment was conducted in the framework of PERSEUS EU-funded project (Grant agreement no: 287600). The experiment was led by the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) institution with strong involvement and cooperation from other national and international partners: Balearic Islands Coastal Observing and Forecasting System (SOCIB, Spain); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR, Italy), McGill University (Canada); Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS, Italy) and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI, USA). Glider operations were partially funded by JERICO FP7 project. AP acknowledges support from the Spanish National Research Program (E-MOTION/CTM2012-31014 and PRE-SWOT/CTM2016-78607-P). SR and AP are also supported by the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) MedSUB project. EM is supported by a post-doctoral grant from the Conselleria d'Educació, Cultura i Universitats del Govern de les Illes Balears (Mallorca, Spain) and the European Social Fund. AC is a FNRS researcher under the FNRS BENTHOX project (Convention T.1009.15). The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by CMEMS. The profiling floats and some drifters were contributed by the Argo-Italy program. The authors are in debt with A. Massanet, F. Margirier, M. Palmer, C. Castilla, P. Balaguer and for their efficient work and implication during the AlborEx cruise. We also thank M. Menna, G. Notarstefano and A. Bussani for their help with the drifter and float data processing and the production of some figures. This article was initiated during a research visit of the first two authors to Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Propuesta estratégica de mejora en la implementación de los estándares mínimos del Sistema de Gestión de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (SG-SST) en la empresa Castilla Cosecha S.A: para el año 2020

El presente trabajo nos da oportunidad de exponer la investigación realizada a la empresa Castilla Cosecha S.A., conocer como ha venido implementando los cambios necesarios para complementar un Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, acorde con la normatividad vigente, como por ejemplo la resolución 0312 del 13 de febrero del 2019, en aras de observar en qué estado se encuentra actualmente la empresa en cuanto al cumplimiento de esta norma y otras que la anteceden, con el propósito de mejorar los estándares mínimos de SG-SST para dar cumplimiento a esta resolución.This work gives us the opportunity to present the research carried out to the company Castilla Cosecha SA, to learn how it has been implementing the necessary changes to complement a Management System for Safety and Health at Work, in accordance with current regulations, such as the Resolution 0312 of February 13, 2019, in order to observe what state the company is currently in regarding compliance with this standard and others that precede it, in order to improve the minimum standards of SG-SST to comply with this resolution

High-resolution UAV multispectral imagery for water-quality monitoring in coastal regions

The concentrations of parameters such as Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in seawaters have already been used as indicators of the water quality, the biogeochemical status of surface waters, and nutrient availability. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have gained global popularity as a remote-sensing tool as they address the optical challenges of water-quality studies in coastal regions. In this work, we evaluate the applicability of a 5-band multispectral sensor mounted on a UAV to derive scientifically valuable water parameters (Chl-a and TSS). The performance of the OC-2 and OC-3 algorithms for Chl-a estimation, as well as the TSS estimation method by Nechad et al. (2010), are tested in two different sites along the Mediterranean coastline. This study provides water quality details on the centimetre-scale and improves the existing approximations that are available for the region through Sentinel-3 OLCI imagery at a much lower spatial resolution of 300 m. The Chl-a and TSS values derived for the studied regions were within the expected ranges and varied between 0 to 3 mg/m3 and 10 to 20 mg/m3 , respectively. In addition, a novel Python workflow for the manual generation of an orthomosaic in aquatic areas based on the sensor’s metadata, without the need to resort to commercial photogrammetric software, is proposed. Linear regressions were also applied to compare the Remote Sensing reflectance (Rrs) retrieval methods tested, suggesting strong R2 correlations between 0.83 and 0.91 for the “deglinting” method.peer-reviewe

Spatial variability of dissolved nickel is enhanced by mesoscale dynamics in the Gulf of Mexico

The Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is one of the most dynamic marginal seas in the world owing to the intrusion of the Loop Current and the shedding of anticyclonic eddies (LCE) that travel westward across the Gulf. However, the impacts of these mesoscale dynamics on the supply and removal of bioessential trace metals in surface waters remain unclear. We study the impact of mesoscale eddies on the distribution of dissolved nickel (Ni), a biologically active element scarcely studied in the region. The vertical distribution of Ni was determined in the deep-water region of the GoM during summer of 2017, when two anticyclonic LCE (Quantum and Poseidon) were present. Nutrient-like profiles of Ni in the GoM resemble those from the Atlantic Ocean, but they showed high spatial variability within the first 1000 m, which was associated with the impact of mesoscale eddies. Similarly to subtropical gyres, macronutrients were almost depleted in surface waters, while Ni never fell below 1.51 nmol kg-1, suggesting low Ni lability or alternatively, slow biological uptake compared to that of macronutrients. In particular, lowest levels of Ni and macronutrients (PO4 and NO3) were recorded in surface waters of the anticyclonic eddies and the Loop Current area. Anticyclonic LCEs deepened these Ni-poor waters pushing the Ni-rich core of Tropical Atlantic Central Water up to 600 m, whereas its shallowest position (up to 200 m) was recorded under cyclonic conditions in Campeche Bay. This eddy-induced vertical displacement of water masses also affected the integrated Ni and macronutrient concentrations in the upper 350 m but without modifying their stoichiometries. We suggest that a significant decrease in surface inventories of Ni and macronutrient in areas impacted by LCEs is a consequence of the trapping of the water within eddies, the biological uptake of Ni and macronutrients combined with their limited replenishment from below, which likely affects autotrophic groups. In conclusion, the mesoscale dynamic permanently present in the GoM play an important role in modifying the vertical distribution of Ni and macronutrients as well as their availability in the upper water column of this marginal sea

Spanish activities in the framework of the CHARMEX project since 2009: a summary

The ChArMEx (Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment) project is a French initiative aiming at developing and coordinating regional research actions for a scientific assessment of the present and future state of the atmospheric environment in the Mediterranean Basin, and of its impacts on the regional climate, air quality, and marine biogeochemistry. The target of ChArMEx is short-lived particulate and gaseous tropospheric trace species. In 2009 the project gained internationalization with the organization of the first international workshop held in Toulouse, France. Spain was the most represented country (after France) with 7 groups and 10 researchers. Up to date, the Spanish groups involved in ChArMEx have conducted research in several fields. Among them it is worth noting: a 3-year (2010 – 2012) in-situ study over a regional background environment in Mallorca plus 3 intensive measurement campaigns in that period; the installation in Mallorca and in the Sierra Nevada of two autonomous total deposition samplers performing weekly dust deposition on a network basis; and intensive in-situ and remote sensing measurements in Barcelona in thesummer 2012 ChArMEx pre-campaign to give support to airborne observations. The paper gives a summary of all the activities led by Spanish researchers in the framework of ChArMEx. Preliminary results of the 3-year in-situ study in Mallorca and of the summer 2012 pre-campaign, as well as a brief description of the summer 2013 main campaign are presented.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Actividades españolas en el marco del proyecto CHARMEX desde 2009: un resumen

El proyecto ChArMEx (Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment) es una iniciativa francesa cuyo objetivo es desarrollar y coordinar las acciones de investigación regionales para una evaluación científica de la situación actual y el futuro del medio ambiente atmosférico en la cuenca mediterránea. Los grupos españoles que participan en ChArMEx llevan a cabo investigaciones en varios campos. Entre ellos cabe señalar: un estudio in-situ de 3 años (2010-2012) en un entorno regional de fondo en Mallorca; la instalación en Mallorca y Granada de dos nuevos colectores de deposición autónomos que colectan la deposición de polvo semanalmente; mediciones intensivas in situ y de teledetección en Barcelona en el verano 2012 durante la pre-campaña ChArMEx; y mediciones de teledetección intensivos en Barcelona y Granada en el verano de 2013 durante la campaña ChArMEx / ADRIMED. Este manuscrito da un resumen de todas las actividades conducidas por investigadores españoles hasta ahora en el marco de ChArMEx. Se presentan resultados preliminares del estudio in-situ de 3 años en Mallorca y parte de las campañas de verano de 2012 y 2013.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version